Aristotle

Aristotle (384–322 BCE) was an ancient Greek philosopher whose surviving works range across logic, metaphysics, ethics, politics, poetics, psychology, and empirical biology. The Nicomachean Ethics asks how character, practical judgment, friendship, and activity contribute to a flourishing life. Politics extends that inquiry to citizenship and forms of government, while Poetics studies tragedy through plot, character, language, and catharsis. Metaphysics examines being, substance, causation, and first principles; the Posterior Analytics sets out an account of demonstration and scientific knowledge. On the Soul treats soul as the principle of living beings and connects perception, thought, and movement within natural philosophy. The Nicomachean Ethics is the most approachable ethical entrance, Poetics the concise literary one, and Metaphysics the demanding route into first principles.